Sustained Release of Minocycline From Minocycline-Calcium-Dextran Sulfate Complex Microparticles for Periodontitis Treatment

It is important to address the periodontitis-associated bacteria in the residual subgingival plaque after scaling and root planing to successfully treat periodontitis. In this study, we explored the possibility of exploiting the ion pairing/complexation of minocycline, Ca²⁺, and sulfate/sulfonate-bearing biopolymers to develop an intrapocket delivery system of minocycline as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Minocycline-calcium-dextran sulfate complex microparticles were synthesized from minocycline, CaCl₂, and dextran sulfate. They were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. An in vitro release study was conducted to evaluate the release kinetics of minocycline from these microparticles. Agar disk diffusion assays and biofilm-grown bacteria assays were used to assess antibacterial capability. High loading efficiency (96.98% ± 0.12%) and high loading content (44.69% ± 0.03%) for minocycline were observed for these complex microparticles. Mino-Ca-DS microparticles achieved sustained release of minocycline for at least 9 days at pH 7.4 and 18 days at pH 6.4 in phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. They also demonstrated potent antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in agar disk diffusion and biofilm assays. These results suggested that the ion pairing/complexation of minocycline, Ca²⁺, and sulfonate/sulfate-bearing biopolymers can be exploited to develop complex microparticles as local delivery systems for periodontitis treatment.     

吉西他滨低剂量延时输注的研究进展

吉西他滨（gemcitabine,GEM）为抗嘧啶核苷酸代谢类药物。目前,GEM的标准给药方式为1 000~1 250 mg·m^-2,30 min静脉快速输注。但是,药理学研究表明,GEM延时输注可使细胞内有活性的GEM三磷酸盐达到最佳的蓄积速度,提示GEM延时输注在药动学方面要优于30 min快速输注。故本文对GEM低剂量延时输注的相关研究进行综述,以期为临床用药提供相关依据。     

GC-MS法测定三层共挤输液用袋中苯乙烯单体在氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液中的迁移量

摘 要 目的：建立GC-MS法测定三层共挤输液用袋中苯乙烯单体在氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液中迁移量的方法。方法: 采用GC-MS法测定氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液中苯乙烯单体含量,从而考察氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液的包装袋（三层共挤输液用袋）中苯乙烯在药液中的迁移量,色谱柱为DB 624 123 1334毛细管柱（30 m×0.32 mm,1.8 μm）,柱温采用程序升温,顶空自动进样,由电子轰击源（EI）选择离子监测（SIM）模式进行检测。结果:苯乙烯在46.96～543.60 ng·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）浓度范围内具有良好线性关系;平均回收率为101.2%,RSD为3.1%（n=9）。结论:本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于该药品与包装的相容性评价。     

Safety and efficacy of propofol anesthesia for pediatric target-controlled infusion in children below 3 years of age: a retrospective observational study

Background: Although the requirement of propofol in children is increasing, propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia below 3 years old has not been approved in Korea. This study can provide a clinical evidence to increase the range of approval.

Research design and methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients below 3 years of age who underwent surgery between September 2013 and December 2016. Safety was evaluated on the basis of vital signs, and laboratory findings and efficacy were evaluated on the basis of the bispectral index (BIS). Adverse events were examined.

Results: A total of 109 patients anesthetized with propofol (propofol group) were compared with 109 patients with volatile anesthetics (volatile group) after propensity score matching. There was a difference in the proportion of patients showing decreased systolic pressure (P < 0.001) and heart rate (P = 0.03), but there was no difference in diastolic pressure (P = 0.238), mean arterial pressure (P = 0.175) during surgery. After surgery, there was no difference in all vital signs and the proportion patients who experienced adverse events of two groups.

Conclusions: Propofol anesthesia by target-controlled infusion was effective and didn’t show serious propofol-related perioperative adverse events.     

万古霉素静脉滴注联用鞘内注射治疗颅内感染的Meta分析

目的 评价万古霉素静脉滴注联用鞘内注射治疗颅内感染的有效性和安全性。方法 检索2000年1月-2017年5月PubMed、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普全文数据库（VIP）中的数据,收集万古霉素静脉滴注联用鞘内注射治疗颅内感染的临床随机对照研究（RCT）,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入9项RCTs,469例患者。Meta分析结果显示：相对于万古霉素静脉滴注,联用鞘内注射能显著提高临床治愈率[RR=0.70,95%CI（0.61,0.81）,P < 0.001]和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌清除率[RR=0.90,95%CI（0.81,1.00）,P=0.04],缩短治愈时间[SMD=3.26,95%CI（2.84,3.68）,P < 0.001];两组不良反应发生率无统计学差异[RR=0.73,95%CI（0.35,1.49）,P=0.38],但中枢神经根刺激症发生率较大[RR=0.05,95%CI（0.00,0.92）,P=0.04]。结论 万古霉素静脉滴注联用鞘内注射治疗颅内感染疗效确切,安全性好。     

扶正化瘀胶囊配合肝病治疗仪治疗慢性肝炎肝纤维化30例

目的评价扶正化瘀胶囊联合肝病治疗仪治疗慢性肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法 60例确诊为慢性肝炎肝纤维化患者分成两组,对照组给予单纯的扶正化瘀胶囊治疗,联合组采取扶正化瘀胶囊联合肝病治疗仪治疗方案,观察治疗前后肝功能指标变化情况。结果联合组ALB、T-Bi L、PTA等肝功指标改善效果优于对照组,HA、LN等肝纤维化指标下降幅度大于对照组(P0.05),对比差异均具有统计学意义。联合组有效率为90.0%,显著高于对照组的76.7%(χ~2=13.452,P0.05)。结论扶正化瘀胶囊联合肝病治疗仪能够进一步改善慢性肝炎肝纤维化治疗效果,协同作用强,适合临床推广。     

Effects of low power red laser on induced-dental caries in rats

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low power red laser associated with acidulated phosphate fluoride on the development of induced-dental caries in rats. DESIGN: Dental caries were induced in molars of 40 rats divided into five groups: control group (CG), the teeth were not submitted to any treatment; laser group (LG), teeth were irradiated with a low power red laser (LPRL), power of 30 mW and dose of 5 J/cm(2); fluoride group (FG), teeth were treated with topical acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) 1.23% applied for 4 min; laser+fluoride group (LFG), teeth were irradiated with LPRL followed by APF; fluoride+laser group (FLG), teeth were treated with APF followed by LPRL. The animals were killed after 48 days, and the first and second molars were extracted to analyze the caries lesion area, microhardness, and calcium and phosphorus ratio. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences among FG, LFG, and FLG regarding to caries area and microhardness, although the caries area were smaller in LFG. Ca/P ratio did not show significant differences among all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although LPRL before APF application appeared to diminish the caries progression, LPRL did not present any additional benefit compared with acidulated phosphate fluoride on the prevention of induced-dental caries in rats.     

DSA介入狗舌动脉5-Fu和CBP灌注+栓塞术的实验研究

目的:研究经数字减影血管造影术(DSA)介入舌动脉灌注及静脉注射抗癌药物后,血和局部组织中药物浓度,以及肝肾功能、血相变化,为临床介入治疗提供实验依据.方法:将5只狗分为3组,第一组A、B 2只狗,第二组C、D 2只狗,第三组E 1只狗,经股动脉DSA介入舌动脉灌注5-Fu、卡铂各75mg,明胶海绵栓塞;另一组静脉注射等量5-Fu与卡铂,于10min、20min、30min至5天,检查舌、颊组织及血中药物浓度、肝肾功能、血常规,6周后处死,行舌动脉病理检查.结果:DSA介入舌动脉药物灌注 栓塞术后10min、20min、30min舌组织中药物含量是静脉注射药物的25、20、4倍,30min后血中药物浓度两组之间无显著性差异.肝肾功能、血常规两组差别不大,舌动脉经灌注后其内膜不完整,平滑肌细胞较多空泡样变.结论:DSA动脉介入灌注栓塞,可增加局部组织中抗癌药物浓度,提高药物的抗瘤性,对提高治疗效果有一定作用.     

经颞浅动脉灌注氟尿嘧啶和卡铂治疗舌癌

目的探讨术前联合应用氟尿嘧啶、卡铂诱导化疗治疗舌癌的临床效果。方法20例舌癌患者经颞浅动脉插管连续顺序灌注氟尿嘧啶和卡铂,比较化疗前、后原发肿瘤灶的大小,并记录化疗的主要不良反应。结果完全缓解(CR)18例(90%),部分缓解(PR)2例(10%),总有效率(CR+PR)100%;不良反应轻微。结论经颞浅动脉插管灌注氟尿嘧啶和卡铂是治疗舌癌的一种有效方法,不良反应发生率低且轻。